Archaebibliophilia
Occasional Postings of a Lover of Archaic Books
"a book... I have found" II Chron. 34:14,15
"knowledge delighteth thy soul" Prov. 2:10
"out of his treasure things new and old" Matt. 13:525
<2025


February 25, 2026

Early Zionism and Anti-Semitism

It seems that the designation [Zionism], to distinguish the movement from the activity of the Chovevei Zion, was first used by Matthias Acher (Birnbaum) in his paper "Selbstemancipation," 1886.

The belief that the Messiah will collect the scattered hosts (לארשי לש ויתוילג) is often expressed in Talmudic and midrashic writings; even though more universalistic tendencies made themselves felt, especially in parts of the Apocryphal literature. Among Jewish philosophers the theory held that the Messiah b. Joseph "will gather the children of Israel around him, march to Jerusalem, and there, after overcoming the hostile powers, re-establish the Temple-worship and set up his own dominion."

This has remained the doctrine of Orthodox Judaism; as Friedländer expresses it in his "Jewish Religion":

"There are some theologians who assume the Messianic period to be the most perfect state of civilization, but do not believe in the restoration of the kingdom of David, the rebuilding of the Temple, or the repossession of Palestine by the Jews. They altogether reject the national hope of the Jews. These theologians either misinterpret or wholly ignore the teachings of the Bible and the divine promises made through the men of God."

The Reform wing of the Synagogue, however, rejects this doctrine; and the Conference of Rabbis that sat in Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15-28, 1845, decided to eliminate from the ritual "the prayers for the return to the land of our forefathers and for the restoration of the Jewish state."

The Philadelphia Conference, Nov. 3–6, 1869, adopted as the first section of its statement of principles the following: "The Messianic aim of Israel is not the restoration of the old Jewish state under a descendant of David, involving a second separation from the nations of the earth, but the union of all the children of God in the confession of the unity of God, so as to realize the unity of all rational creatures, and their call to moral sanctification."

This was reaffirmed at the Pittsburg Conference, Nov. 16-18, 1885, in the following words: "We consider ourselves no longer a nation, but a religious community; and we therefore expect neither a return to Palestine, nor a sacrificial worship under the sons of Aaron, nor the restoration of any of the laws concerning a Jewish state."

-- From: The Jewish Encyclopedia VOL 12 TAL-ZWE (1905, 1909)

However, in spite of these early "rejections," there still remained a concerted effort to establish a Jewish state. Here are some of those efforts:
  • An island in the Republic of Venice in the mid-1500's to which European Jews could emigrate.
  • False Messiah Shabbethai Zebi sought to restore the Jews to Palestine in the mid-1600's.
  • The son of August II of Poland wanted to make himself king of a Jewish state in South America in 1749. In later years, Argentina became prominent as a possible location (Herzl).
  • Robinson in the US wanted to make a Jewish settlement in the upper Mississippi and Missouri territory in 1819.
  • Mordecai Noah in 1845 proclaimed his views re the return of the Jews to Palestine with a plan to establish a settlement called Ararat on Grand Island in the Niagara River.
  • Frankel in 1868 advised purchasing from Turkey a Jewish state in Palestine, but admitted: "Should Palestine prove to be impossible, we must seek elsewhere in any part of the globe some fixed home for the Jews."
  • Henry Dunant (founder of Geneva Convention) founded two societies, the International Palestine Society and the Syrian and Palestine Colonization Society in 1876, aiming at, in the words of Luzzatto: "Palestine must be colonized and worked by the Jews in order that it may live again commercially and agriculturally."
  • In the 1800's, the Rothschilds were asked several times to help finance land purchases in and around Palestine for a Jewish state.
  • Oliphant proposed colonizing "the Jewish proletariat of Poland, Lithuania, Rumania, and Asiatic Turkey," but failed to obtain the sultan's permission.
  • Influenced by Moses Hess, the German Jew Kalischer formed a Palestine colonization society in Frankfort in 1861, with many Orthodox rabbis engaged in this "holy cause."
  • Ben Yehudah proposed the colonization of Palestine in a number of articles in 1879, and others wrote about the same desires, which influenced Christian writers to advocate similar ideas, thereby becoming a global issue; many colonization organizations such as the Federation of American Zionists were formed (in 1905 had 238 societies in the US; the Knights of Zion of Chicago had 80 societies).
  • Work begins in first colony in Palestine in 1879, though Turkish authorities made it difficult for Jews to enter Palestine.

Palestine, according to the Mishnah, is "the holiest of all countries." Jewish scholars have said:

"The Holy Temple built or destroyed, the Shekinah never moved from that place, as God promised at the dedication of the Temple."
"One who walks a distance of 4 cubits in Palestine may be confident of a share in the future world."
"The merit of living in Palestine equals the merit of observing all of the commandments."
"Zionism is a modern development of the ancient regard for Palestine."
"To be buried in Palestine is like being buried under the altar... All sins are considered absolved for the Jew who is buried in Palestine."
"Palestinian dust put on the eyes, navel, and between the legs of the dead outside the Holy Land is equivalent to burying the body in Palestine."

-- From: "Holiness of Palestine," Jewish Encyclopedia

There is also a short entry regarding "Anti-Semitism" -- the Society of Jews was founded in London in 1896 to help combat anti-semitism, and the First Zionist Congress was to be held in 1898 in Munich (later actually held in Vienna). Kohler remarked in opposition to Zionism: "The mission of the Jew is not only spiritual or religious in character; it is social and intellectual as well, and the true Zionism demands of the Jews to be martyrs in the cause of truth and justice and peace until the Lord is one and the world one."




Most interesting is the protest by German and American rabbis to the founding of a Palestinian state:

The attempts of the Zionists to found a Jewish national state in Palestine are contrary to the Messianic promises of Judaism as laid down in Holy Writ and in the later religious authorities; secondly, that Judaism demands of its adherents to serve the state in which they live and in every way to further its national interests; thirdly, that no opposition thereto can be seen in the noble plan to colonize Palestine with Jewish agriculturists, because that plan has no connection with the founding of a national state. In the same spirit the Conference of American Rabbis, which met at Richmond, Va., on Dec. 31, 1898, declared itself as opposed to the whole Zionist movement on the ground (as one of the members stated) "that America was the Jews' Jerusalem and Washington their Zion."

A Berlin professor and leader of liberal Jews, Ludwig Geiger, said: "...the German Jew is a German in his national peculiarities, and Zion is for him the land only of the past, not of the future." Jewish professors at Chicago's Hebrew Union College remarked in 1899 that the Zionists were "traitors, hypocrites, or fantastic fools whose thoughts, sentiments, and actions are in constant contradiction to one another," "Zionism is an abnormal eruption of perverted sentiment," the "Zionistic agitation contradicts everything that is typical of Jews and Judaism," and that the "Zionistic movement is a mark of ingenuity, and does not come out of the heart of Judaism, either ancient or contemporary."

On the American side, the Second Congress held in Vienna in 1898 saw a six-fold increase in American Zionist organizations attending. Sec. John Hay (former ambassador in Constantinople) said in 1904 that Zionism was in his opinion "quite consistent with American patriotism." The Zionist flag was flown at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 ("blue and white stripes, with a 'Magen Dawid' [Star of David] in the center").

The first Jewish Congress was held in Palestine in 1903. The Seventh Congress was held in Basel in 1905, and declared that it "stands firmly by the fundamental principle of the Basel Program, namely, 'The establishment of a legally secured, publicly recognized home for the Jewish people in Palestine,' and it rejects, either as an end or as a means of colonizing, activity outside Palestine and its adjacent lands." The largest voting faction in the Congress general body were the so-called Ziyyone Zionists who believed that "the diplomatic actions of Herzl have proven a failure... demands immediate work in Palestine, without waiting for the granting of a charter... land there should be bought at once."

Zionistic societies sprung up throughout the world by the early 20th century, e.g. the Shanghai Zionist Association, the Dr. Herzl East Africa Zionist Association in Nairobi, societies in Nagasaki, in Tokyo, and among US servicemen in the Philippines.

Much of Zionism -- perhaps its major theme -- deals with eschatology, that the Jew will inherit the earth when the Messiah comes, that it is their "divine right" to occupy that part of the Middle East now called Israel. This is where the controversy must focus today... the Messiah, Jesus Christ, has already come, and His message to the Jews is the same as when He first preached the gospel in the Holy Land: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel." (Mark 1:15)


February 10, 2026

Beware of Thomas Edison's... Aerophone!





THE AEROPHONE
March 25, 1878

Something ought to be done to Mr. EDISON, and there is a growing conviction that it had better be done with a hemp rope. Mr. EDISON has invented too many things, and almost without exception they are things of the most deleterious character. He has been addicted to electricity for many years, and it is not very long ago that he became notorious for having discovered a new force, though he has since kept it carefully concealed, either upon his person or elsewhere. Recently he invented the phonograph, a machine that catches the lightest whisper of conversation and stores it up so that at any future time it can be brought out, to the confusion of the original speaker. This machine will eventually destroy all confidence between man and man, and render more dangerous than ever woman's want of confidence in woman. No man can feel sure that wherever he may be there is not a concealed phonograph remorseless gathering up his remarks and ready to reproduce them at some future date, even in the bosom of his family, to express any but most innocuous and colorless views? and what woman when calling on a female friend, and waiting for the latter to make her appearance in the drawing-room, will dare to express her opinion of the wrotched taste displayed in the furniture, or the hideous appearance of the family photographs?

In the days of persecution and espionage it was said, though with poetical exaggeration, that the walls had ears. Thanks to Mr. EDISON's perverted ingenuity, this has not only become a literal truth, but every shelf, closet, or floor may now have its concealed phonographic ears. No young man will venture to carry on a private conversation with a young lady, lest he should be filling a secret phonograph with evidence that, in a breach of promise suit, would secure an immediate verdict against him, and our very small boys will fear to express themselves with childish freedom, lest the phonograph should report them as having lightly used the name of "gosh," or as having threatened to "bust the snoot" of the long-suffering governess. The phonograph was, at the time of its invention, the most terrible example of depraved ingenuity which the world had seen; but Mr. EDISON has since reached a still more conspicuous peak of scientific infamy by inventing the aerophone—an instrument far more devastating in its effects and fraught with the destruction of human society.

The aerophone is apparently a modification of the phonograph. In fact, it is a phonograph which converts whispers into roars. If, for example, you mention, within hearing of the aerophone, that you regard Mr. HAYES as the greatest and best man that America has yet produced, that atrocious instrument may overwhelm you with shame by repeating your remark in a tone that can be heard no less than four miles. Mr. Edison, with characteristic effrontery, represents this as a useful and beneficent invention. He says that an aerophone can be attached to a locomotive, and that with its aid the engineer can request persons to "look out for the locomotive" who are nearing a railway crossing four miles distant from the train. He also boasts that he will attach an aerophone to the gigantic statue of "Liberty," which France is to present to this country, provided we will raise money enough to pay for it, and that the statue will thus be able to welcome incoming vessels in the Lower Bay, and to warn them not to come up to the City in case Mr. STANLEY MATTHEWS is delivering an oration on the currency, or Mr. COX is making a comic speech at Tammany Hall. Were the aerophone to be confined strictly to these uses, it might prove a comparatively unobjectionable instrument; but no man can loose a whirlwind and guarantee that its ravages shall be confined to Chicago, or to some other place where it may do positive good.

This country has long suffered from excessive talk. Had nine-tenths of our citizens who have been born during the last fifty years been absolutely dumb, the Republic would doubtless have preserved its pristine purity. It is the interminable talk of Congressmen and other leading citizens that is the source of all our public woes. Talk is likewise the bane of private life. With dumb wives there would be no need of divorce courts, and with dumb husbands home might become a blessed reality instead of a poetic dream. And yet, knowing full well that talk is a monster of such hideous meaning that to be hated needs only to be constantly heard, Mr. EDISON has devised an instrument by which the range of conversation is extended from a few feet to four miles.

Our present vocal powers are always used to their full capacity. Everybody talks with about the same volume of voice, and when the aerophone comes into use, people will universally talk as loudly as the instrument will permit. When ninety-nine people out of a hundred converse with the aerophone, there will be such a roar of conversation that the hundredth person, who may speak in his natural voice, cannot be heard. We can only faintly imagine the horrible results of the general introduction of the aerophone. Wives residing in suburban Jersey villages will call to their husbands at their places of business in the City, and require information as to subjects of purely domestic interest. Mothers whose children have wandered out of sight will howl over a four-mile tract of country direful threats as to the dying alive which awaits James Henry and Ann Eliza unless they instantly come home. From morning till midnight our ears will be tortured with the uproar of aerophonic talk, and deaf men will be looked upon as the favored few to whom nature has made life tolerable.

The result will be the complete disorganization of society. Men and women will flee from civilization and seek in the silence of the forest relief from the roar of countless aerophones. Business, marriage, and all social amusements will be thrown aside, except by totally deaf men, and America will retrograde to the Stone Age with frightful rapidity. Better is a dinner of raw turnips in a damp cave than a banquet at DELMONICO's within hearing of ten thousand aerophones. Far better is it to starve in solitude than to possess all the luxuries of civilization at the price of hearing every remark that is made within a radius of four miles. It may be too late to suppress the aerophone now, but at least there is time to visit upon the head of its inventor the just indignation of his fellow-countrymen.


John Gutenberg's Dream

The inventor of the printing press almost destroyed his invention. In a dream he heard "an angel of light" tell him:

"Thou hast discovered the bottomless pit... Oh, think of millions of souls corrupted by thine achievement! The poison of fiends distilled into the souls of boys and girls, making them old in the experience of sin... Destroy thy press, for it shall be the pander of blasphemy and lust."

But God had different plans for Gutenberg, and the press was not destroyed. In fact, the very first book Gutenberg produced in the mid-1450's was a portion of the Holy Bible. Close to five billion Bibles and portions of the Bible have been printed since then, for God used that small invention to be a means of reaching the whole world with the Gospel.

Yet many other pieces of literature have been produced which have been a bane upon society. May God protect us and give us strength to avoid the multitude of evils which assault mankind through not only the printed page but the digital page as well.




A Great Title Page from the Year 1815




Gospel of Mark -- West Saxon Version

Anyone from West Saxon? Here's an excerpt from the first few verses of the Gospel of Mark, J.W. Bright's work of 1905:

John the Baptist Prepares the Way

1 Her ys godspelles angyn Hælendes Cristes, Godes suna.
2 Swa awriten is on ðæs witegan bec Isaiam,
“Nu! ic asende minne engel beforan ðinre
ansyne, se gegearwaþ ðinne weg beforan ðe.
3 Clypigende stefen on ðam westene, ‘Gegearwiaþ Drihtnes weg, doþ rihte his siðas.’”
4 Iohannes wæs on westene fulligende, and bodiende dæd-bote fulwiht, on synna forgyfenesse.
5 And to him ferde eall Iudeisc rice, and ealle Hierosolima-ware; and wæron fram him gefullode on Iordanes flode, hyra synna anddetende.
6 And Iohannes wæs gescryd mid oluendes hærum, and fellen gyrdel wæs ymbe his lendenu; and gærstapan, and wudu hunig he æt,
7 And he bodode, and cwæþ, Strengra cymþ æfter me, ðæs ne eom ic wyrðe ðæt ic his sceona þwanga bugende uncytte.
8 Ic fullige eow on wætere; he eow fullaþ on Halgum Gaste.


The Son of God, Jesus Christ
Names, Titles And Appellations

In Vol. 4 of The Self-Interpreting Bible (1896), the editors have included a very helpful table listing the names and titles given to Jesus Christ throughout the Bible, from "The Son" to "My All in All." Truly He is everything that is pure and lovely, perfect in all He is and all He does. See this excerpt.