February 25, 2026
Early Zionism and Anti-Semitism
It seems that the
designation [Zionism], to distinguish the movement from the activity of
the Chovevei Zion, was first used by Matthias Acher (Birnbaum) in his
paper "Selbstemancipation," 1886.
The belief that the Messiah will collect the scattered hosts (לארשי לש
ויתוילג) is often expressed in Talmudic and midrashic writings; even
though more universalistic tendencies made themselves felt, especially
in parts of the Apocryphal literature. Among Jewish philosophers the
theory held that the Messiah b. Joseph "will gather the children of
Israel around him, march to Jerusalem, and there, after overcoming the
hostile powers, re-establish the Temple-worship and set up his own
dominion."
This has remained the doctrine of Orthodox Judaism; as Friedländer expresses it in his "Jewish Religion":
"There are some theologians who assume the Messianic period to be the most perfect state of civilization, but do not believe in the restoration of the kingdom of David, the rebuilding of the Temple, or the repossession of Palestine by the Jews.
They altogether reject the national hope of the Jews. These theologians
either misinterpret or wholly ignore the teachings of the Bible and the
divine promises made through the men of God."
The Reform wing of the Synagogue, however, rejects this doctrine; and
the Conference of Rabbis that sat in Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15-28,
1845, decided to eliminate from the ritual "the prayers for the return to the land of our forefathers and for the restoration of the Jewish state."
The Philadelphia Conference, Nov. 3–6, 1869, adopted as the first
section of its statement of principles the following: "The Messianic
aim of Israel is not the restoration of the old Jewish state under a descendant of David,
involving a second separation from the nations of the earth, but the
union of all the children of God in the confession of the unity of God,
so as to realize the unity of all rational creatures, and their call to
moral sanctification."
This was reaffirmed at the Pittsburg Conference, Nov. 16-18, 1885, in
the following words: "We consider ourselves no longer a nation, but a
religious community; and we therefore
expect neither a return to Palestine, nor a sacrificial worship under
the sons of Aaron, nor the restoration of any of the laws concerning a
Jewish state."
-- From: The Jewish Encyclopedia VOL 12 TAL-ZWE (1905, 1909)
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However, in spite of these early "rejections," there still remained a
concerted effort to establish a Jewish state. Here are some of those
efforts:
- An island in the Republic of Venice in the mid-1500's to which European Jews could emigrate.
- False Messiah Shabbethai Zebi sought to restore the Jews to Palestine in the mid-1600's.
- The son of August II of Poland wanted to make himself king of a Jewish state in South America in 1749. In later years, Argentina became prominent as a possible location (Herzl).
- Robinson in the US wanted to make a Jewish settlement in the upper Mississippi and Missouri territory in 1819.
- Mordecai Noah in 1845 proclaimed his views re the return of the Jews to Palestine with a plan to establish a settlement called Ararat on Grand Island in the Niagara River.
- Frankel in 1868 advised purchasing from Turkey a Jewish state in Palestine,
but admitted: "Should Palestine prove to be impossible, we must seek
elsewhere in any part of the globe some fixed home for the Jews."
- Henry Dunant (founder of Geneva Convention) founded two societies, the International Palestine Society and the Syrian and Palestine Colonization Society in 1876, aiming at, in the words of Luzzatto: "Palestine must be colonized and worked by the Jews in order that it may live again commercially and agriculturally."
- In the 1800's, the Rothschilds were asked several times to help finance land purchases in and around Palestine for a Jewish state.
- Oliphant proposed colonizing "the Jewish proletariat of Poland, Lithuania, Rumania, and Asiatic Turkey," but failed to obtain the sultan's permission.
- Influenced by Moses Hess, the German Jew Kalischer formed a Palestine colonization society in Frankfort in 1861, with many Orthodox rabbis engaged in this "holy cause."
- Ben Yehudah proposed the colonization of Palestine
in a number of articles in 1879, and others wrote about the same
desires, which influenced Christian writers to advocate similar ideas,
thereby becoming a global issue; many colonization organizations such
as the Federation of American Zionists were formed (in 1905 had 238 societies in the US; the Knights of Zion of Chicago had 80 societies).
- Work begins in first colony in Palestine in 1879, though Turkish authorities made it difficult for Jews to enter Palestine.
Palestine, according to the Mishnah, is "the holiest of all countries." Jewish scholars have said:
"The Holy Temple built or destroyed, the Shekinah never moved from that place, as God promised at the dedication of the Temple."
"One who walks a distance of 4 cubits in Palestine may be confident of a share in the future world."
"The merit of living in Palestine equals the merit of observing all of the commandments."
"Zionism is a modern development of the ancient regard for Palestine."
"To be buried in Palestine is like being buried under the altar... All
sins are considered absolved for the Jew who is buried in Palestine."
"Palestinian dust put on the eyes, navel, and between the legs of the
dead outside the Holy Land is equivalent to burying the body in
Palestine."
-- From: "Holiness of Palestine," Jewish Encyclopedia
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There is also a short entry regarding "Anti-Semitism"
-- the Society of Jews was founded in London in 1896 to help combat
anti-semitism, and the First Zionist Congress was to be held in 1898 in
Munich (later actually held in Vienna). Kohler remarked in opposition
to Zionism: "The mission of the Jew is not only spiritual or religious
in character; it is social and intellectual as well, and the true Zionism demands of the Jews to be martyrs in the cause of truth and justice and peace until the Lord is one and the world one."
Most interesting is the protest by German and American rabbis to the founding of a Palestinian state:
The
attempts of the Zionists to found a Jewish national state in Palestine
are contrary to the Messianic promises of Judaism as laid down in Holy
Writ and in the later religious authorities; secondly, that
Judaism demands of its adherents to serve the state in which they live
and in every way to further its national interests; thirdly, that no
opposition thereto can be seen in the noble plan to colonize Palestine
with Jewish agriculturists, because that plan has no connection with
the founding of a national state. In the same spirit the Conference of
American Rabbis, which met at Richmond, Va., on Dec. 31, 1898, declared
itself as opposed to the whole Zionist movement on the ground (as one
of the members stated) "that America was the Jews' Jerusalem and Washington their Zion."
A Berlin professor and leader of liberal Jews, Ludwig Geiger, said:
"...the German Jew is a German in his national peculiarities, and Zion
is for him the land only of the past, not of the future." Jewish
professors at Chicago's Hebrew Union College
remarked in 1899 that the Zionists were "traitors, hypocrites, or
fantastic fools whose thoughts, sentiments, and actions are in constant
contradiction to one another," "Zionism is an abnormal eruption of
perverted sentiment," the "Zionistic agitation contradicts everything
that is typical of Jews and Judaism," and that the "Zionistic movement
is a mark of ingenuity, and does not come out of the heart of Judaism,
either ancient or contemporary."
On the American side, the Second Congress held in Vienna in 1898 saw a
six-fold increase in American Zionist organizations attending. Sec.
John Hay (former ambassador in Constantinople) said in 1904 that Zionism was in his opinion "quite consistent with American patriotism."
The Zionist flag was flown at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 ("blue
and white stripes, with a 'Magen Dawid' [Star of David] in the center").
The first Jewish Congress was held in Palestine in 1903. The Seventh
Congress was held in Basel in 1905, and declared that it "stands firmly
by the fundamental principle of the Basel Program, namely, 'The establishment of a legally secured, publicly recognized home for the Jewish people in Palestine,'
and it rejects, either as an end or as a means of colonizing, activity
outside Palestine and its adjacent lands." The largest voting faction
in the Congress general body were the so-called Ziyyone Zionists who
believed that "the diplomatic actions of Herzl have proven a failure...
demands immediate work in Palestine, without waiting for the granting
of a charter... land there should be bought at once."
Zionistic societies sprung up throughout the world by the early 20th
century, e.g. the Shanghai Zionist Association, the Dr. Herzl East
Africa Zionist Association in Nairobi, societies in Nagasaki, in Tokyo,
and among US servicemen in the Philippines.
Much of Zionism -- perhaps its major theme -- deals with eschatology,
that the Jew will inherit the earth when the Messiah comes, that it is
their "divine right" to occupy that part of the Middle East now called
Israel. This is where the controversy must focus today... the Messiah,
Jesus Christ, has already come, and His message to the Jews is the same
as when He first preached the gospel in the Holy Land: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel." (Mark 1:15)
February 10, 2026
Beware of Thomas Edison's... Aerophone!
THE AEROPHONE
March 25, 1878
Something ought to be done to Mr. EDISON, and there is a growing
conviction that it had better be done with a hemp rope. Mr. EDISON has
invented too many things, and almost without exception they are things
of the most deleterious character. He has been addicted to electricity
for many years, and it is not very long ago that he became notorious
for having discovered a new force, though he has since kept it
carefully concealed, either upon his person or elsewhere. Recently he
invented the phonograph, a
machine that catches the lightest whisper of conversation and stores it
up so that at any future time it can be brought out, to the confusion
of the original speaker. This machine will eventually destroy all
confidence between man and man, and render more dangerous than ever
woman's want of confidence in woman. No
man can feel sure that wherever he may be there is not a concealed
phonograph remorseless gathering up his remarks and ready to reproduce
them at some future date, even in the bosom of his family, to
express any but most innocuous and colorless views? and what woman when
calling on a female friend, and waiting for the latter to make her
appearance in the drawing-room, will dare to express her opinion of the
wrotched taste displayed in the furniture, or the hideous appearance of
the family photographs?
In the days of persecution and espionage it was said, though with
poetical exaggeration, that the walls had ears. Thanks to Mr. EDISON's
perverted ingenuity, this has not only become a literal truth, but
every shelf, closet, or floor may now have its concealed phonographic
ears. No young man will venture to carry on a private conversation with
a young lady, lest he should be filling a secret phonograph with
evidence that, in a breach of promise suit, would secure an immediate
verdict against him, and our very small boys will fear to express
themselves with childish freedom, lest the phonograph should report
them as having lightly used the name of "gosh," or as having threatened
to "bust the snoot" of the long-suffering governess. The phonograph
was, at the time of its invention, the most terrible example of
depraved ingenuity which the world had seen; but Mr. EDISON has since
reached a still more conspicuous peak of scientific infamy by inventing
the aerophone—an instrument far more devastating in its effects and fraught with the destruction of human society.
The aerophone is apparently a modification of the phonograph. In fact,
it is a phonograph which converts whispers into roars. If, for example,
you mention, within hearing of the aerophone, that you regard Mr. HAYES
as the greatest and best man that America has yet produced, that
atrocious instrument may overwhelm you with shame by repeating your
remark in a tone that can be heard no less than four miles. Mr. Edison,
with characteristic effrontery, represents this as a useful and
beneficent invention. He says that an aerophone can be attached to a
locomotive, and that with its aid the engineer can request persons to
"look out for the locomotive" who are nearing a railway crossing four
miles distant from the train. He also boasts that he will attach an
aerophone to the gigantic statue of "Liberty," which France is to
present to this country, provided we will raise money enough to pay for
it, and that the statue will thus be able to welcome incoming vessels
in the Lower Bay, and to warn them not to come up to the City in case
Mr. STANLEY MATTHEWS is delivering an oration on the currency, or Mr.
COX is making a comic speech at Tammany Hall. Were the aerophone to be
confined strictly to these uses, it might prove a comparatively
unobjectionable instrument; but no man can loose a whirlwind and
guarantee that its ravages shall be confined to Chicago, or to some
other place where it may do positive good.
This country has long suffered from excessive talk.
Had nine-tenths of our citizens who have been born during the last
fifty years been absolutely dumb, the Republic would doubtless have
preserved its pristine purity. It is the interminable talk of
Congressmen and other leading citizens that is the source of all our
public woes. Talk is likewise the bane of private life. With dumb wives
there would be no need of divorce courts, and with dumb husbands home
might become a blessed reality instead of a poetic dream. And yet,
knowing full well that talk is a monster of such hideous meaning that
to be hated needs only to be constantly heard, Mr. EDISON has devised an instrument by which the range of conversation is extended from a few feet to four miles.
Our present vocal powers are always used to their full capacity.
Everybody talks with about the same volume of voice, and when the
aerophone comes into use, people will universally talk as loudly as the
instrument will permit. When ninety-nine people out of a hundred
converse with the aerophone, there will be such a roar of conversation
that the hundredth person, who may speak in his natural voice, cannot
be heard. We can only faintly imagine the horrible results of the
general introduction of the aerophone. Wives residing in suburban
Jersey villages will call to their husbands at their places of business
in the City, and require information as to subjects of purely domestic
interest. Mothers whose children have wandered out of sight will howl
over a four-mile tract of country direful threats as to the dying alive
which awaits James Henry and Ann Eliza unless they instantly come home.
From morning till midnight our
ears will be tortured with the uproar of aerophonic talk, and deaf men
will be looked upon as the favored few to whom nature has made life
tolerable.
The result will be the complete disorganization of society. Men and
women will flee from civilization and seek in the silence of the forest
relief from the roar of countless aerophones. Business, marriage, and
all social amusements will be thrown aside, except by totally deaf men,
and America will retrograde to the Stone Age with frightful rapidity.
Better is a dinner of raw turnips in a damp cave than a banquet at
DELMONICO's within hearing of ten thousand aerophones. Far better is it
to starve in solitude than to possess all the luxuries of civilization
at the price of hearing every remark that is made within a radius of
four miles. It may be too late to suppress the aerophone now, but at
least there is time to visit upon the head of its inventor the just
indignation of his fellow-countrymen.
John Gutenberg's Dream
The inventor of the printing press almost destroyed his invention. In a dream he heard "an angel of light" tell him:
"Thou hast discovered the
bottomless pit... Oh, think of millions of souls corrupted by thine
achievement! The poison of fiends distilled into the souls of boys and
girls, making them old in the experience of sin... Destroy thy press,
for it shall be the pander of blasphemy and lust."
But God had different plans for Gutenberg, and the press was not
destroyed. In fact, the very first book Gutenberg produced in the
mid-1450's was a portion of the Holy Bible. Close to five billion
Bibles and portions of the Bible have been printed since then, for God
used that small invention to be a means of reaching the whole world
with the Gospel.
Yet many other pieces of literature have been produced which have been
a bane upon society. May God protect us and give us strength to avoid
the multitude of evils which assault mankind through not only the
printed page but the digital page as well.
A Great Title Page from the Year 1815
Gospel of Mark -- West Saxon Version
Anyone from West Saxon? Here's an excerpt from the first few verses of the Gospel of Mark, J.W. Bright's work of 1905:
John the Baptist Prepares the Way
1 Her ys godspelles angyn Hælendes Cristes, Godes suna.
2 Swa awriten is on ðæs witegan bec Isaiam,
“Nu! ic asende minne engel beforan ðinre
ansyne, se gegearwaþ ðinne weg beforan ðe.
3 Clypigende stefen on ðam westene, ‘Gegearwiaþ Drihtnes weg, doþ rihte his siðas.’”
4 Iohannes wæs on westene fulligende, and bodiende dæd-bote fulwiht, on synna forgyfenesse.
5 And to him ferde eall Iudeisc rice, and ealle Hierosolima-ware; and
wæron fram him gefullode on Iordanes flode, hyra synna anddetende.
6 And Iohannes wæs gescryd mid oluendes hærum, and fellen gyrdel wæs ymbe his lendenu; and gærstapan, and wudu hunig he æt,
7 And he bodode, and cwæþ, Strengra cymþ æfter me, ðæs ne eom ic wyrðe ðæt ic his sceona þwanga bugende uncytte.
8 Ic fullige eow on wætere; he eow fullaþ on Halgum Gaste.
The Son of God, Jesus Christ
Names, Titles And Appellations
In Vol. 4 of The Self-Interpreting Bible
(1896), the editors have included a very helpful table listing the
names and titles given to Jesus Christ throughout the Bible, from "The
Son" to "My All in All." Truly He is everything that is pure and
lovely, perfect in all He is and all He does. See this excerpt.
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